🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Family and Settlement Visas

Spouse and Partner Visa

Family visa for spouses, civil partners, and unmarried partners of British citizens or UK settled persons with pathway to settlement.

  1. Screening A few questions about your work, your family and your plans.
  2. Documents A checklist built around your route and who is coming with you.
  3. Expert review A qualified adviser reads every document before anything is filed.
  4. Application Every answer is checked against the published rules for your route.
  5. Submission Filed, with everything that went with it kept in one place.
  6. Arrival We stay with you through the crossing and the first steps after.
At a glance

Minimum income requirement

£29,000 a year

GOV.UK, partner route from 11 April 2024

Decision outside the UK

12 weeks

GOV.UK, standard service; usually

Home Office fee

£2,064

GOV.UK; applying outside the UK

What is the UK partner (spouse) family visa?

The partner route lets a spouse, civil partner or partner join, or stay with, someone who is a British citizen, settled in the UK, or holds another qualifying status. Applicants generally need to show a genuine relationship, meet a minimum income requirement (or provide specified savings instead), have a good knowledge of English, and show adequate accommodation.

Who the partner route is for

The partner route is for a spouse, civil partner or unmarried partner who wants to join, or stay with, a partner who is a British citizen, settled in the UK, or holds certain other qualifying immigration statuses. Both partners must be adults, and the couple must intend to live together permanently in the UK. Someone engaged to marry, or planning to enter a civil partnership, can also apply on this route ahead of the wedding or ceremony.

What the couple must show

Applicants need to show a qualifying relationship, either a marriage or civil partnership recognised in the UK or an unmarried partnership that has lasted long enough. It must be supported by evidence that the couple live together, or maintain a genuine, ongoing relationship if they are apart for work, study or cultural reasons. The couple also need to meet a minimum income requirement, or show specified savings instead, unless the sponsoring partner receives certain disability or carer’s benefits, in which case a different, adequacy-based test applies. Suitable accommodation for the family, without relying on public funds, is also required, along with a general knowledge of English demonstrated through an approved test or a qualifying academic degree, unless an exemption applies.

Requirements

  • AgeThe applicant and their partner must each be 18 or over on the date of application.
  • Genuine relationshipThe applicant and their partner must have met in person, be in a genuine and subsisting relationship, and intend to live together permanently in the UK. This can be as a spouse or civil partner, as an unmarried partner who has lived together with the applicant in a relationship similar to a marriage or civil partnership for at least 2 years, or as a fiancé(e) or proposed civil partner intending to marry or form a civil partnership in the UK. Where the couple cannot live together, for example because they work or study in different places, evidence of an ongoing commitment to each other is needed instead.
  • Minimum income requirementWhere the financial requirement applies, the published rules set a specified gross annual income of at least £29,000 for an application made on or after 11 April 2024. A different, transitional figure applies only where the applicant is extending permission to stay with the same partner and their first successful application as a fiancé(e), proposed civil partner or partner was made before 11 April 2024: a specified gross annual income of at least £18,600, plus £3,800 for a first child and £2,400 for each additional child, capped at £29,000 in total. Specified savings can be used instead of, or together with, qualifying income. Where the sponsoring partner receives certain disability or carer’s benefits, an adequate maintenance requirement applies instead. That means showing enough money to house and support the family without relying on public funds.
  • Adequate accommodationThe applicant must show there will be adequate accommodation for the family, without recourse to public funds, which the family own or occupy exclusively. Accommodation is not regarded as adequate if it is, or will be, overcrowded, or if it contravenes public health regulations.
  • English languageThe applicant must show knowledge of English, usually by passing an approved English language test in speaking and listening at a minimum of level A1 on a first application, or by holding a qualifying academic degree, unless an exemption applies, for example because of age, a disability, or nationality of a majority English-speaking country. Some applicants extending their stay as a partner need to show a higher level after a further period in the UK.
  • Tuberculosis testApplicants from a country where the test is required must provide tuberculosis test results with their application.

Documents typically needed

  • Current passport or travel documentPlus copies of the photo page and any visa or entry stamps in previous passports.
  • Proof of relationship with your partnerFor example a marriage or civil partnership certificate, or evidence of living together for at least 2 years such as tenancy agreements, utility or Council Tax bills, joint bank statements, or a letter from a doctor or dentist, dated less than 4 years before you apply.
  • Proof of incomeFor example payslips, bank statements, or a dated employer’s letter on headed paper confirming employment, income and length of service.
  • Your partner’s detailsName, date of birth, nationality, passport and evidence of their right to be in the UK, plus details of any previous marriages, civil partnerships or children.
  • Tuberculosis test resultsIf applying from a country where the test is required.
  • Certified translationsFor any document that is not in English or Welsh.
  • Details of any children on the applicationName, nationality, date of birth, and who the child normally lives with.

How to apply

1

Check the published requirements

Confirm which relationship category applies to you and your partner, and the current financial, accommodation and English language requirements for the partner route.

2

Prepare information and evidence

Gather passports, relationship evidence, proof of income, and a tuberculosis test result if required, along with certified translations of any document not in English or Welsh.

3

Apply online

Separate online services handle applications made from outside the UK and applications made from inside the UK. A fee waiver may be available if you’re unable to pay the fee.

4

Prove identity and give biometrics

Confirm your identity and provide your fingerprints and a photograph at an appointment, using the method you’re told about when you apply.

5

Wait for a decision

Decision times differ depending on where the application is made and whether the financial and English language requirements are met; keep your documents available in case they’re requested.

Fees & costs

Apply outside the UK (joining a partner, parent or child)
£2,064
Apply inside the UK
£1,407
Each dependant added to the application
£2,064 outside the UK / £1,407 inside the UK
Super priority service (from inside the UK only)
£1,000
Healthcare surcharge, adult aged 18 or over (2 years 6 months)
£2,587.50
Healthcare surcharge, adult aged 18 or over (2 years 9 months)
£3,105
Healthcare surcharge, adult aged 18 or over (5 years)
£5,175

Fees are set by the Home Office and can change. A fee waiver may be available in some circumstances. Source: GOV.UK https://www.gov.uk/uk-family-visa

Processing times

Apply outside the UK
Usually within 12 weeks
Apply inside the UK, where the financial and English language requirements are met
Usually within 8 weeks
Apply inside the UK, where the financial and English language requirements are not met
About 12 months

Standard service times published by the Home Office; a faster decision may be available for an extra fee.

What you can and can't do

Permitted

  • Work in the UK
  • Study in the UK
  • Live with your partner in the UK
  • Add eligible children as dependants on the same application

Not permitted

  • Work or study in the UK during the fiancé(e) or proposed civil partner engagement period, before marrying or forming a civil partnership
  • Usually get benefits or other public funds for you or your dependants
  • Apply to settle in the UK before you become eligible

The path to settlement

The partner route generally leads to settlement, known as indefinite leave to remain, after a continuous period living together in the UK on this basis, commonly called the 5-year route. Permission is usually granted for a fixed period and then extended, with the couple needing to continue meeting the relevant requirements each time they apply. Applicants who rely on alternative grounds rather than meeting the standard financial or relationship requirements in full instead follow a longer route to settlement, sometimes called the 10-year route.

Extending, and other ways to stay

A partner visa can usually be extended before the current permission expires, provided the relationship continues and the couple still meet the published requirements. Some applicants who cannot meet the standard financial or relationship requirements may still be able to apply, for example because of the effect on a qualifying child in the UK, or because refusing the application would breach human rights. This generally means the longer route to settlement instead. Protections also exist for a partner who experienced domestic abuse, or whose partner died, while they held permission on this route.

If the application is refused

A refusal decision explains the reasons under the published rules. Some applicants who do not meet the standard financial, accommodation or relationship requirements may still be able to apply on alternative grounds, for example where a qualifying child in the UK would be affected, or where refusing entry or stay would breach human rights. This can mean a longer qualifying period before settlement. The type of review or appeal available depends on the type of application, and the decision letter sets out the options and time limits that apply.

Common questions

How much income do I need to meet the minimum income requirement?
For an application made on or after 11 April 2024, the published rules set a specified gross annual income of at least £29,000. A lower, transitional figure of £18,600 (plus £3,800 for a first child and £2,400 for each additional child, capped at £29,000 in total) applies only when extending permission to stay with the same partner, where the first successful application as a fiancé(e), proposed civil partner or partner was made before 11 April 2024.
Can I use savings instead of income?
Yes. Specified savings of at least £16,000, plus additional savings equivalent to 2.5 times the difference between qualifying income and the income threshold that applies to you, can be used instead of, or in combination with, income from the specified sources.
How long until I can settle permanently in the UK on the partner route?
The earliest you can normally apply to settle (indefinite leave to remain) is after 5 years continuously in the UK on the partner route. If you rely on the alternative grounds available when the standard financial or relationship requirements are not met, the qualifying period is 10 continuous years instead.
Can I work or study on a partner visa?
Yes, once granted. The exception is while you hold permission as a fiancé(e) or proposed civil partner. You cannot work or study until after you marry or form a civil partnership and are granted further permission to stay.
What happens if I can’t meet the financial or relationship requirements?
Some applicants who cannot meet the standard requirements may still be able to apply: for example where there is a genuine and subsisting relationship with a qualifying child in the UK and it would not be reasonable for the child to leave, or where stopping the applicant coming to or remaining in the UK would breach human rights. Applying on this basis can mean a longer qualifying period for settlement and, for an in-country application, a longer published decision time.
Do I need to take an English language test?
Usually yes, unless you’re exempt. A first application needs a pass in speaking and listening at a minimum of level A1 on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, or a qualifying academic degree; some applicants extending their stay after a further period in the UK need to show a higher level, unless they already hold it or are exempt, for example because of age, disability, or nationality of a majority English-speaking country.
What if my partner receives disability or carer’s benefits?
You do not need to meet the standard minimum income requirement if your partner receives one of a specified list of disability or carer’s benefits. Instead, you need to show you and your family have enough money to house and support yourselves without relying on additional public funds.
Dhruti Thakrar, immigration solicitor

Talk it through with one of our solicitors.

Book a consultation and one of our immigration solicitors will go through your situation, the documents involved, and what happens next.

Book a consultation

Clear on the rules. Ready when you are.